The son of Paugus seeks to avenge his father’s death

After the fight at Seco Pond, the Indians left Pequawket and went to Canada. There was peace for a time. John Chamberlain returned to his family, farm and mill on the Chamberlain homestead at Baddacook in Groton north of Brown Loaf Hill.¹ That fall, however, a son of Paugus came to Dunstable looking for Chamberlain to avenge his father’s death.^2,4  (Butler’s account says he went to Dunstable which really makes sense. Apparently, the Indian would learn there that Chamberlain lived in Groton).

The son of Paugus went to a neighbor in the village with some pretended business that his design might not be discovered. The man thought the Indian resembled the old chief and therefore suspecting his errand. He went directly to the mill and told Chamberlain to look out for young Paugus. Chamberlain thanked the man and went right up to the house and got his gun and went back to the mill.

He took a stick and put his coat on it and then put his hat on top of it and stuck it up by the saw frame. Also, he cut a port-hole above the door so he could conceal himself and command the entrance to the mill. He had only gotten every thing ready when he saw the young Indian step out of the bushes at the edge of the mill pond.  When the Indian saw what he thought to be Chamberlain, he pulled up his gun and put a bullet through Chamberlain’s coat. The smoke from his gun had not passed away when a ball from Chamberlain’s gun pierced his heart, and with a savage yell he fell into the pond.^2,3

 

 

 

 

Fact or Fiction

There are several versions of this story and it is difficult to know fact from fiction. The above story is partially from my own family’s unpublished tradition, which I have modified with excerpts from Caleb Butler’s published edition which seems to be closest to reality. Historian Butler expresses this opinion regarding the story:

If ever young Paugus sought to avenge his father’s death, and it seems pretty evident, from tradition that he did, it was probably at Groton, where tradition places it, and the old dam, near School House No. 9, is said to have been the dam of Chamberlain’s mill and further, a deep hole in the brook, between the lands of Deacon Thomas Hutchins and Merick Lewis, is called “Paugus’ s Hole,” wherein it is said Chamberlain sunk his body after he had killed him.²

Land ownership of John Chamberlain

On May 31, 1727, Massachusetts granted the township of Suncook (now Pembroke NH) on the Merrimack River to sixty grantees who served in Lovewell’s expeditions. As a result, John Chamberlain received a tract of land granted “to the Officers and Soldiers lately in the service of the Province under the command of Capt. John Lovewell, deceased, and others, in an expedition to Pigwacket against the Indian enemy, and which shall hereafter acrue and fall to me as one of the soldiers under Capt. Lovewell.”¹

On January 5, 1729 John sold the Chamberlain homestead and mill at Baddacook to Samuel Woods, Sr., of Groton.¹

12 April 1729 John Chamberlain sold the land he had acquired in 1727 to Joseph Gilson of Groton for twenty pounds and ten shillings.

19 February 1730 He bought another farm at a place called the “Four Acres” in Groton from James Lakin.

John’s father-in-law, Thomas Woods of Groton, died and there was trouble settling the estate. On September 8, 1740, John Chamberlain and Amos Woods, two of the heirs, petitioned the Judge of Probate for Middlesex, to have Samuel Chamberlain, of Chelmsford, a gentleman, appointed administrator. A law suit followed.¹

20 April 1741 John Chamberlain deeded his farm to Samuel Chamberlain of Chelmsford, a gentleman.

20 August 1741 John’s wife Abigail, sold to the same Samuel Chamberlain and Josiah Sartel, of Groton, her share of her father’s estate, located on the north side of Brown Loaf Hill. George W. Chamberlain believes this Samuel Chamberlain is the uncle of Paugus John and the father of Souhegan John. He was also known as Captain Samuel Chamberlain, and is not the contemporary Lieutenant Samuel Chamberlain of Westford.¹

Children of Thomas Chamberlain II

Thomas Chamberlain  b. about 1639; d. 28 March or May 1727, (Grandfather of Paugus John). Sarah Proctor b. 12 October 1646 in Concord MA, d. 27 March 1727). Children of Thomas and Sarah (Proctor) Chamberlain (married 10 August 1666):⁵

1. 1. Thomas, b. 20 May 1667 Chelmsford MA; m. Elizabeth Heald
   2. Samuel, b. 11 Jan 1679, Chemlsford, MA
   3. Jane, b. 19 Nov 1682
   4. Elizabeth, b. 21 July 1685⁵

Children of Thomas Chamberlain III

Thomas Chamberlain b. 30 May 1667 Chelmsford MA; d. 11 May 1709. (Father of Paugus John).

Elizabeth Heald married Thomas Chamberlain 9 Jan 1690. She died at Groton 13 June 1699. Children of Thomas and Elizabeth (Heald) Chamberlain:

1. John, b. at Chelmsford 29 March 1692
2. Joseph, b. at Chelmsford 11 Oct 1693
3. Moses, b. at Chelmsford 3 July 1695 (twin)
4. Aaron, b. at Chelmsford 3 July 1695 (twin)
5. Gershom, b. at Chelmsford 18 October 1697; d. at Groton 29 March 1699
6. Sarah, b. at Groton 23 March or May 1699; d. 14 October 1699

Abigail Nutting  married Thomas Chamberlain 16 August 1699⁶, she was still living in Groton in 1718⁵. Children of Thomas Chamberlain and Abigail (Nutting) Chamberlain:

1. Elizabeth b. 26 May 1700; m. 25 June 1719 Jonathan, son of John Shattuck; lived in Groton until 1724 or 25, she was living in Pepperell, MA in 1738.
2. Abigail, b. 21 June 1701; m. 18 April 1723 to Thomas Woods son of Nathaniel Woods of Groton. Thomas Woods died at fight at Pequawket 8 May 1725.
3. Thomas, b. 3 February 1703; he had two daughters Azubah and Abia.
4. Jane, b. 2 February 1706
5. Mary, m. 9 April 1732 John Scott
6. Dorothy, m. February 1729 Nathaniel Lawrence son of Nathaniel and Anna Lawrence.
7. Sarah, b. 4 August 1709; m. James Shattuck.

Children of (Paugus) John Chamberlain

John Chamberlain b. Chelmsford, MA, 29 March 1692.

John Chamberlain married Abigail Woods, (daughter of Thomas and Abigail Woods of Groton), 13 October 1713).¹ Children of John and Abigail (Woods) Chamberlain:

1. 1. Elizabeth, b. 27 Oct., 1714; m. 23 March 1736, Jeremiah, son of Zachariah and Abigail Lawrence.
   2. Hannah, b. 18 January 1716.
   3. John Jr., b. 24 March 1720; m. 3 Dec. 1746 Rachel the daughter of Zachariah and Abigail Lawrence.
   4. Sarah, b. 27 April 1727.
   5. Abigail, b. 8 Jan. 1732
   6. Thomas, b. 2 Sept. 1735

Children of John Chamberlain, Jr.

John Chamberlain, Jr b. 24 March 1720; d. 17 March 1802.

Rachel Lawrence, daughter of Zechariah Lawrence and Abigail Parker, was born in 1727 and died 6 Oct. 1756, Groton MA).  John Chamberlain and Rachel (Lawrence) Chamberlain, married 3 Dec 1746. Their children were:

1. Rachel Chamberlain, b. 10 July 1747; bapt. 30 Aug 1747, Pepperell, MA; d. 13 Oct 1756, Pepperell, MA.
2. Abigail Chamberlain, b. 8 September 1749; bapt. 17 September 1749, Pepperell, MA; d. 17 March 1786, Groton, MA; 7 June 1770, Pepperell, MA, Edmond Shattuck, son of Benjamin and Dinah (Hunt) Shattuck.
3. John Chamberlain, b. 27 February 1752; bapt. 8 March 1752, Pepperell, MA, d. 30 Dec 1773*, Pepperell, MA. *(This death date would exclude this John Chamberlain as the father of Spencer Chamberlain, however, I have not yet been able to verify this date.)
4. Ede Chamberlain, b. 9 October 1754; bapt. 17 November 1754, Pepperell, MA. She was also known as Eda Chamberlain.⁷

Historic Monuments of Groton

As a High School senior project, Jonathan Pierce of Groton, Massachusetts photographed the historic monuments in Groton. He set up his own website. Some monuments were hard to locate, especially the John Chamberlain Mill location. Michelle Pierce and her son Jonathan finally found the monument and provided the correct photo for The Chamberlain Story. Here is the link to Jonathan’s website: www.grotonhistoricallandmarks.com.

Chapter 9- The Mystery of Chamberlain Lake 

Before he died in 1853, Spencer Chamberlain gave us clues that may help us find his ancestors, and information about the naming of Chamberlain Lake and the origin of Chamberlain Farm in Maine. Why was Chamberlain Farm cleared years before there were any white settlements and long before the logging industry came to the Allagash Wilderness?

If you got this far please go to “Table of Contents”, or click “Good Bye!” This will make my day to know that someone read my post. Thank you, Dennis Chamberlain

© Copyright Dennis D. Chamberlain, The Chamberlain Story, 2016. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of the written content of this site without express and written permission from the author and owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that credit is given to Dennis D. Chamberlain and direction to  www.thechamberlainstory.com.

References:

1. George W. Chamberlain, John Chamberlain, The Indian Fighter a Pigwacket. Weymouth, Mass, 1898.
2. Caleb Butler, Paugus, son of Paugus & John Chamberlain of Groton, History of Groton, Massachusetts, 1848 p. 109
3. Alonzo Chamberlain Phillips, Spencer Chamberlain’s Ancestors, unpublished notes he as he remembers from his grandfather Spencer Chamberlain. About 1925.
4.  Samuel A. Green, M.D., Groton and the Indian Wars, Groton Mass. 1883.
5. George W. Chamberlain, One Branch of the Descendants of Thomas Chamberlain of Woburn, 1644, Weymouth, Mass., 1897.
6. The Chamberlain Family-The First Six Generations, http://www.babcockancestry.com/

 

Ten men return to Dunstable with terrible news

On May 11, 1725 the town of Dunstable was waiting for any hint of news coming from the forest. Twenty-six days ago 47 of their husbands, fathers, brothers and friends lead by Colonel Lovewell had headed into the deep woods to face Paugus, a chief of the Abanaki Indians at their central location at Pequawket.⁸

Abigail Chamberlain and her three children were among those anxiously waiting news of their men. Her husband John and her nineteen year old brother Thomas Woods were among the rangers.

Cries of anguish filled the night as ten men came from the forest into town with the terrible news. Colonel Lovewell and all the rest of the company had perished in an ambush, overwhelmed and out numbered by the Indians. John and Thomas and 30 others of Lovewell’s men did not return.

Benjamin Hassell was the only witness at the fight. He had ran from the scene of the battle about twenty-five miles to tell those stationed at the make-shift fort near Lake Ossipee. They all then made a hasty retreat to bring the bad news to the families waiting at Dunstable. That evening, Hassell prepared a note for the Governor dated May 11, 1725.⁸

At a debriefing on the morning of May 12, Hassell presented his note to Colonel Ebenezer Tyng. Tyng compiled a report and sent it with a horseman to Governor Dummer. The report arrived in Boston that afternoon.⁸

Eleven…no, fifteen more men return!

On May 13, grief and sorrow was blended with an measure of extreme joy as an unexpected band of eleven wounded and weary soldiers approached the town of Dunstable. They were alive! Eleven men from the middle of battle were home, and more were expected!

Two days later, four more men arrived in Dunstable including the hero and leader, Ensign Seth Wyman. Fifteen survivors of the fight had now returned. One man, Elias Barron, had gotten separated from the group and was unaccounted for. These men offered a more complete report of the battle, for Benjamin Hassell had run before the show was over.^4,8

Abigail Chamberlain was overjoyed to see her husband’s face, but wept as John gave her the tragic confirmation of the death of Thomas, her younger brother.

The survivors account of the fight

The Sunday Sermon of May 16, offered by the Reverend Thomas Symmes, was titled: Lovewell Lamented, or a Sermon occasion’d by the Fall of the Brave Capt. John Lovewell and Several of his Valiant Company, in the late Heroic Action at Piggwacket pronounced at Bradford, May 16 1725.⁵

The Rev. Symmes sermon gave an account of the fight of Saturday May 8, 1725 as he had heard it from the group of the survivors. He listed the names of the 33 men at the fight, and identified the dead and wounded. He purposely omitted the name of the one who left the battle scene early, saying: “Their names that made up this Company (excepting his that started from them in the beginning of the Battle, and ran back to the Fort, which I’d be excus’d from mentioning) were as follow.“⁴

On May 17, 1725 a small article about the fight and the loss of Captain Lovewell was published in The Boston News-Letter.⁵

Colonel Tyng leads mission of recovery, two more survivors return

On Monday, May 17. Colonel Tyng of the militia, on the order from Governor Dummer, gathered together men from the surrounding towns to go on a mission of destroy and recovery. Benjamin Hassell was ordered to go as a guide but claimed he was unable due to illness. One of the survivors who had just returned volunteered to go in his place.^3,5

Colonel Tyng found the battlefield with trees riddled with bullet holes. There they buried the bodies of twelve men including Captain Lovewell and Lt. Robbins. They found the body and identified Chief Paugus. The Indians had buried him before leaving.⁵

The four wounded men who had been left behind waited for the expected aid, but finally, weak and hungry, they struggled toward the fort.

Josiah Jones traveled down the Seco River surviving on cranberries which he said would come out of the holes in his body. He arrived half dead at Biddleford, Maine on May 23.

 Eleazer Davis made it to the fort and food, and arrived May 27 at Berwick, Maine.

Lieutenant Farwell and Chaplin Frye died alone in the woods.^3,8

The second published account of the battle appeared in The New-England Courant dated May 24, 1725. It did not mention Chief Paugus or any of the surviving English except for Wyatt about whom it states: “His Honour the Lieut. Governour has been pleased to grant a Captain’s Commission to Lieut. Wyman who distinguished himself with great courage and conduct during the whole engagement.”¹

The John Chamberlain/Paugus story

Early published documents did not mention John Chamberlain. This is very understandable. He was a private, a miller from Groton and likely not well known outside of his home town. Seth Wyman, on the other hand, was an instant and well deserved hero and leader by default. He took immediate command when Captain Lovewell and Lt. Robbins fell.

An early ballad, The Song of Lovewells Fight by an unknown author, was sung for many years in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. It’s lyrics stated that Seth Wyman “shot the old chief Paugus which did the foe defeat”¹. Wyman was the published hero of the Battle at Pequawket, so this should not be surprising. The author of the ballad may never have even heard of a Private by the name of John Chamberlain.

However, in 1799, seventy-four years later, a publication, for the first time reported that the duel was between Paugus and John Chamberlain. By 1883 the John Chamberlain tradition was well established and wide spread. Then, however, one-hundred and thirty-eight years after the event, the story began to have its critics.

In 1883, historian Samuel A. Green wrote, “An attempt has been made in modern times to take from Chamberlain the credit of killing the Indian chief, but the earlier records and traditions seem to confirm the story.”

Today’s critics

Today (2016), another one-hundred and thirty-tree years have passed, and again many contemporary writers express doubt about the John Chamberlain-Chief Paugus tradition. Their reasons mainly center on the ballad and the fact that the first published account of Chamberlain-Paugus duel came out in 1799, seventy-four years after the battle.

Most were quick to point out that all survivors of the battle had by then died and therefore unable to present a dispute.  As if, forty-three years after the death of John Chamberlain, someone might have a vested interest in rewriting history.

The information fueling their skepticism is nothing new. It has been around for over 200 years. What all of these internet historians fail to do, however, is to present any of the evidence that supports the Chamberlain-Paugus showdown.

They do not seem to understand that 18th Century spoken but unpublished tradition had the power to transcend generations. To their credit, Kayworth and Potvin acknowledged the George W. Chamberlain evidence and gave a fair review.

Citing its unpublished tradition, historian Samuel A. Green in 1883 wrote: “The story of Lovewell’s Fight was for a long time repeatedly told in this neighborhood, (Groton, Massachusetts), and there is scarcely a person who has not from early infancy heard the particulars of that eventful conflict….Of this little Spartan band, seven belonged in this town; and one of them, John Chamberlain by name, distinguished himself by killing the Indian leader.”⁵

George W. Chamberlain’s case for John Chamberlain

Genealogist George W. Chamberlain presented, in his 1898 publication, his case for the John Chamberlain-Chief Paugus tradition. He asked these questions regarding the ballad, of unknown authorship, which mentioned Wyman as the one who shot Paugus.

If Wyman shot Paugus:

1. 1. Why did not the old people ascribe to Wyman this fact?
   2. Why did not Wyman’s neighbors accord that act to their own townsman?
   3. And why did not Wyman’s widow in her petition to the General Court in 1726, in giving the particulars of her husband’s military record, refer to his Paugus combat if the ballad story were true?¹

George Chamberlain’s point, of course, is that there has never been any claim or tradition made by Wyman’s family nor his towns people that the ballad story is true.

Known as “Paugus John” during his life time

In 1846, the Reverend Stephen Thompson Allen delivered a historical address at the centennial anniversary of the town of Merrimack, New Hampshire. In this address he mentioned one of the early settlers of that town. His name, Captain John Chamberlain a provincial representative of Merrimack from 1756 to 1775. In 1734, this John Chamberlain owned land at “Souhegan Falls” and erected the first mills there.

In his address Mr. Allen says: “It is by many supposed that this Chamberlain is the same that killed Paugus, the Indian Chief in Lovewell’s fight. But such is not the fact. They were cousins, and from a descendant of the family I learn that to distinguish them from each other, one was called “Paugus John” and the other “Souhegan John”.¹

In other words, John Chamberlain was known as “Paugus John” Chamberlain during his lifetime! One cousin was known as “Souhegan John” Chamberlain and the other cousin was known as “Paugus John” Chamberlain!

The Reverend Allen certainly knew what he was talking about. The two Johns were indeed cousins. One was the son of Thomas^T3, the other the son of Samuel and both were grandsons of Thomas Chamberlain^T2. And all of the other facts Allen presented about the John from Souhegan are verifiable and true.

Also, the descendant of John from Souhegan certainly would know their family history as it relates to the battle at Pequawket, for Souhegan John was married to Hannah Farwell the daughter of Lieutenant Josiah Farwell, and her mother’s brother was Captain John Lovewell!

What makes this story 100% credible to me, is the fact that no one is trying to claim credit for anything. It is all about giving credit were credit is due.

History of Groton, 1848

Caleb Butler, after many years of research, published his History of Groton in 1848. Page 104 gives the story John Chamberlain and Paugus.

Some time in the day the gun of John Chamberlain, of Groton, becoming foul by continued firing, he undertook to wash and cleanse it at the pond. While in this act, he espied Paugus, whom he personally knew, performing the same process upon his gun at a small distance. A challenge was immediately given and accepted, each confiding in his own dexterity, and predicting the speedy fall of his antagonist. Chamberlain, trusting to the priming of his gun by a thump on the ground, had time to take deliberate aim, while Paugus was priming his horn. Chamberlain’s ball reached Paugus’ heart just as he was in the act of firing. His ball passed over Chamberlain’s head.

As Butler Continues, he says that Wyman shot one who they believed to be the new chief.

After this event there was a short respite. The Indians withdrew. Ensign Wyman and Chamberlain crept unperceived after them, and found them formed in a circle around one in the center, whom they were qualifying, it was supposed, for a chief instead of the deceased Paugus. Wyman fired and killed this intended chief. Then both hastened back to their fellows at the pond.¹

An Indian Account of the Battle at Pequawket

In an Indian’s eye witness account, the English killed two of their chiefs during the battle. Butler’s written history is consistent with their version.

The daughter of Powack, a chief of the Penobscots, told the story of the Battle of Pequawket. The Penobscots and the Abenaki were allies in the Wabanake Confederacy. Generations retold this tale until written down and now in the book by Kayworth and Potvin.⁸

Powack wanted peace with the white man and called a council which sent him to the Pequawket. Powack took me (his daughter) and Little Elk, “brave me promised to”. While they were staying there, Paugus, “a big chief from another land” came to the village to recruit a raiding party against the English. He then led his warriors down the Saco River to the English settlements in Maine. Some of villagers stayed to fish at the south end of Saco Pond. They heard the gunfire from the battle.

“Paugus tell Powak he come on packs of white men. He count packs and know he has many more braves than whites so he attacks”

Powack and Little Elk remained at the battle while many of the of the Abenaki left the battle scene to return to the village.

“Long after moon is up, braves come to village only few. Say Paugus is killed, Powak is killed, Little Elk is killed.”

The remaining Indians from Pequawket moved to Canada and Powack’s daughter went with them until she found someone to take her back home.

Conspiracy theory creates another controversy

Was the date of the battle May 8 or May 9? Early newspapers and pamphlets published the date of the battle as Saturday, May 8. However, after Colonel Tyng debriefed Benjamin Hassell, he sent a written report to Governor Dummer with date of battle listed as May 9.

Fanny Hardy Eckstorm (1936)⁹ wrote an account about the date discrepancy accusing The Rev. Thomas Symmes, of purposefully falsifying the date to protect the Frye family from the infamy of Jonathan Frye the young chaplain.

The twenty-year-old Frye wanted to take a young bride. His father disapproved. Frye, therefore, needed the 100 pound bounty offered by the government for Indian scalps to carry out his marriage plans. His fellows offered him the first scalp to fulfill his dreams. They killed the first Indian in the morning the day of the battle.

If the battle was on Sunday May 9, the company’s chaplain, had taken a scalp on the Sabbath! Eckstrom asserted that this would certainly cause great embarrassment to the young chaplain’s family. Therefore, she presented this as the motive for Symmes falsifying the battle date in his sermon and subsequent publications.

Was there a cover-up and conspiracy?  Yes, according to Eckstrom, because all the early publications listed the battle date as Saturday May 8 and were never changed or disputed. In addition, three witnesses including Seth Wyman attested to the general validity of the Reverend’s statements, even though the date was contrary to May 9, which was considered to be the “official” date.¹⁰

Seven things to consider:

1- The date discrepancy between the official record and news reports had gone unchallenged until 1936. There was no controversy until Eckstrom made it a contorversy.¹⁰

2- The men held “Morning prayer” on the day of the battle. It was implied that this showed it was the Sabbath. However, prayer was a daily activity. They were religious men and they were in combat.

3- Benjamin Hassell gave the date of May 9 to Colonel Tyng.  He had been in the woods for the last twenty-six days. Could it be possible that he gave the wrong date?

4- Eckstrom called May 9th the “official” date.  Benjamin Hassell gave that date to Tyng who immediately sent it to the Governor.  Thus, a government official recorded the date as May 9. Does that therefore make it automatically correct?

5- Seth Wyman and others in the battle told their story to Thomas Symmes including the date of the fight. The day following this interview, on May 16, Symmes delivered his sermon. The three men had signed a document to attest to the truth of their story. Their date of May 8 did not match the date Hassell gave to Colonel Tyng. Does this necessarily mean there was a conspiracy to give a false date?

6- The battle date of May 8 was published and re-published.  Yet, no one contested it. Eckstrom, therefore, claimed there was a massive conspiracy to change the date from the “official” date of May 9. Isn’t it just possible that no one complained, simply because May 8 was the correct date?

7- Benjamin Hassell left the scene of the battle at about 10 am. He arrived at the fort the next morning, about 24 hours later. The distance from Fryeburg (the battle scene) to West Ossipee (the fort) is 25 miles. At this rate, how long would it take him and the other nine men to travel from West Ossipe, (the fort) to Nashua, NH (Dunstable) which is 98 miles, almost four times the distance?

The 98 mile trip would take three full days

The trip from the fort at Lake Ossipee to Dunstable would take at least three full days. (They took 18 days when coming other direction). If the battle was on May 8, Hassell arrived at the fort on May 9. The ten men then traveled on May 9, 10 and 11 and arrived in Dunstable that evening. This left Hassell enough time to write his explanation to the Governor dated May 11. The fifteen men who left after the battle took considerably longer, arriving at Dunstable on the 13th or the 15th.

If the battle was on Sunday May 9 as Eckstrom claims, Hassell arrived at the fort on the morning of the 10th. They would then have only 36 hours to get to Dunstable by the evening of May 11. This is an extremely unreasonable and unlikely possibility.

The date of the battle was Saturday May 8, 1725.

To be continued….. Chapter 8- The Revenge of the Son of Paugus

For more Chamberlain history stories see “Table of Contents”, or please click “Good Bye!”

© Copyright Dennis D. Chamberlain, All rights reserved. The Chamberlain Story, 2016.

1. George W. Chamberlain, John Chamberlain, The Indian Fighter a Pigwacket. Weymouth, Mass, 1898.
2. Thomas_Symmes, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/
3.  Pat Higgens, Lovewell’s Fight, http://www.mainestory.info/maine-stories
4.  Lovewell’s Fight 1725, https://www.scribd.com
5. Samuel A. Green, M.D., Groton and the Indian Wars, Groton Mass. 1883.
6. An Abenaki Account of the Battle, https://en.wikipedia.org
7. Battle of Pequawket, https://en.wikipedia.org
8. Alfred E. Kayworth and Ramond G. Potvin, The Scalp Hunteres, Abenaki Ambush at Lovewell’s Pond 1725, Brandon Books, Boston.
9. Fanny Hardy Eckstorm, Demolished Myths about the Fight, New England Quarterly, 1936.
10.  Alfred E. Kayworth and Ramond G. Potvin, The Scalp Hunteres, Abenaki Ambush at Lovewell’s Pond 1725, Brandon Books, Boston, p. 182.

John Chamberlain grew up in Groton, Massachusetts during a series of Indian wars. He became famous in 1725 in the battle at Pequawket after a face to face duel with chief Paugus. Thereafter, he was known as Paugus John Chamberlain.

The Colonies were pawns in a war between France and England

King James II of England, inaugurated in 1685, chose to use his official power to convert England back to Catholicism. The people severely opposed his actions. So much so, that after three years he fled England for refuge to the Catholic nation of France. This revolution left the king’s daughter Mary and her husband William to assume the throne. 

In the colonies, King James II revoked some of the colonial charters and sent Sir Edmond Andros to serve as Governor of the “Dominion of New England”. Furthermore, he attempted to stop the colonial drive for independence and to enforce religious conformity.¹

King Williams war, the beginning of the French and Indian Wars

King Louis XIL of France, sympathized with the English King James and denied the right of the people of England to change their sovereignty to King William. A war between the two nations followed. King William rejected an offer of colonial neutrality, therefore, the war soon extended to America. The colonists became pawns in what became known as “King William’s War.”

In the colonies the stakes were great. It involved their right to self govern, religious freedom and the competing expansion of territory and the control of the fishing and fur trades between the French colonies and the English colonies. King William’s War was the first in a series of wars known as the French and Indian wars. Seventy years of intermittent colonial warfare for supremacy in North America.¹

The war began in July 1689 with a series of Indian massacres instigated by Frontenac, the governor of Canada. One night two Indian women came to the home of old Major Waldron in Dover, New Hampshire and begged for a night’s lodging. They were admitted. Consequently, a large number of Indians entered the home in the night and tortured and killed Waldron. The town of Dover, with a population of about fifty, was burned to the ground, about half the residents were massacred and the rest were carried away to Canada and sold into slavery.

Later during the frigid winter of 1690, the French and Indians came on the town of Schenectady where more than sixty were massacred and the town turned to ashes. The towns of Casco and Salmon Falls soon after met a similar fate.¹

Thomas Chamberlain^T3  family time line

9 Jan 1690 Meanwhile, in the Chamberlain family, life goes on. Thomas Chamberlain^T3 married Elizabeth Heald. Thomas^T3 was a wheelwright and a Miller and lived in Chelmsford Massachusetts.²

16 March 1692 In the town of Chelmsford, Thomas^T2, Thomas^T3  and Samuel Chamberlain began rendering services in the garrison to protect the town from the Indians.²

29 March 1692 A baby was born at Chelmsford and they named him John Chamberlain^T4. He was the oldest child of Thomas^T3, who was the oldest of Thomas^T2, the oldest of Thomas^T1 who was the oldest of his father Francis Chamberlain.²

7 Feb 1693 Mary Jones Poulter Parker Chamberlain, second wife of Thomas^T1 died.²

8 May 1696 Edmond Chamberlain died at Woodstock, Connecticut, at the of age 79.³

John Chamberlain was raised with stories and continuous rumors of Indian attacks

At the age of five, little John Chamberlain began to listen to the tales of Indian warfare that were told and retold around the fireside. There was a pervading fear that an attack could hit his own home and family at any time.  John found extreme fascination in heroic tales of bravery. Most noteworthy, the one of Hannah Dustin. 

Hannah Dustin lived with her husband and their baby on a farm near Haverhill, Massachusetts less than twenty-five miles away. On March 15, 1697, the French with their Algonquin and Abenaki warriors launched a surprise attack slaying twenty-seven persons. She saw her neighbors killed, her home burned and her infant child bashed to death against a tree.

The Indians carried her and a friend named Mary Neff away captive into the wilderness. She decided they had to escape. She and her companion and a captive boy arose at midnight. The twelve Indians were asleep around them. She killed ten of them with precise blows sparing only a squaw and a boy. Hence they were able to escape and prevent a pursuit. Hanna returned home with the scalps of the dead Indians.¹

10 March 1699 Thomas Chamberlain^T3  bought a 50 acre farm and a mill at “Baddacook” by Brown Loaf Hill in the town of Groton, Massachusetts where he had moved earlier.²

18 June 1699 Elizabeth Heald Chamberlain, wife of Thomas^T3 died at Groton. Leaving her husband and six children under the age of 8. They were  John, Joseph, Aaron, Moses, Gershom, and Sarah.^2,5 The two youngest children died the same year.

Aug 16, 1699 Thomas Chamberlain^T3 soon remarried his second wife Abigail Nutting at Concord. They had seven more children in the next ten years Elisabeth, Abigail, Thomas, Mary, Jane, Dorothy and Sarah.^2,5

21 Dec 1700 John’s great-grandfather Thomas Chamberlain^T1 died shortly before this date, age 85.²

Queen Ann’s War

Queen Ann’s War, as it is commonly called in America, broke out when England declared war against France and Spain in 1702. As a result, the American Colonies were again drawn into the conflict.⁶ Dunstable was attacked and the minister Thomas Weld was killed within ten miles of John Chamberlain’s home.⁴

29 February 1704 Between 200 and 300 French soldiers and their Indian allies attacked Deerfield, Massachusetts. The unexpected mid-winter attack caught them outside of their fortified garrison. They killed about Fifty English men, women, and children and carried off another 100 residents who were forced to march through heavy snows to Canada.⁶  That same year the attacks reached Groton where one or two men were killed in the south-west part of town.⁴

May 8 1706 A town meeting was held in Groton. Where they did by vote “declare they would and do desire Thomas Chamberlain’s mill may be upheld by soldiers for the good of the town.” (spelling corrected). The youthful John Chamberlain was thereby “cradled and reared in the midst of Indian warfare and vigilant defense.“⁴

11 May 1709 John’s father, Thomas Chamberlain^T3, age 41 was murdered. The circumstances of the crime are not known, nor whether his murderer was ever caught and punished. He was described in the notice simply as Thomas Chamberlain, miller. He had 10 living children and his wife was pregnant at the time of his death.⁵ John, age 17, was now the man of the family.

30 March 1710 The inventory of Thomas Chamberlain’s^T3 estate was taken and John Heald of Concord was appointed guardian to John “a minor in ye 18th year of his age.”⁴

30 June 1713 John had reached his majority and the estate of his father was settled. Abigail, the second wife and widow received her share of her husband’s estate. John received two thirds of the  mill, housing, stream, and lands in Groton; on condition of paying the other ten children 2 Pounds, 17 Shillings, and 6 2/3 pence to each. The mill was situated about 200 yards South of present day (2016) Highway 40 near Brown Loaf on a small stream at the confluence of Martin’s Pond Brook and another now called Paugus Brook.⁹   

Today, (2016) There is a Chamberlain’s Mill Lane, (with six newly built homes), which is east of of School House Road and a stream called Martin Pond Brook. Chamberlain Mill Lane is immediately to the north of Highway 40. Just south of Highway 40 at this location is a hill named Brown Loaf. This location is about an equal distance between the Groton town center to the west and Baddacook Pond to the east.

The Treaty at Portsmouth

13 July 1713 The Treaty of Utrecht which ended Queen Ann’s war earlier in the year reshaped the borders between the French and British colonies but did not properly address Indian claims to the same territory. The Treaty of Portsmouth, signed by representatives of Massachusetts and of eight Wabanake tribes, established boundaries at the Kennebec River with the right to have government trading posts in Wabanake territory which would be under British Sovereignty.¹³

The Wabanake Confederation was a group of allied Indian nations including the Abenaki (Western Abenaki), Penobscot (Eastern Abenaki), Mi’Kmaq, Malisect and the Passamaquoddy .¹⁵

13 October 1713 John Chamberlain married Abigail Woods, daughter of Thomas and Abigail Woods of Groton.⁴

24 March 1720 A son was born to John and Abigail Chamberlain, to whom they gave the name John. He was their third child. John was the baby brother to two sisters, Elizabeth born 27 Oct 1714 and Hanna born 18 January 1716.⁴

England sends Governor Shute to govern Massachusetts Bay Colony

In January 1722 England sent the difficult and contentious Governor Samuel Shute to govern Massachusetts Bay including Maine and New Hampshire. He arrogantly dismissed claims of Wabanake territory infringement by the British colonists.¹⁴ The situation was complicated by the establishment of French Catholic missions in British territory. A Jesuit Priest Sabastian Rasle, who was living among the Indians, was suspected by the British to be a French agent.

Governor Shute sent a military expedition to capture Father Rasle, under the command of Colonel Thomas Westbrook. Rasle escaped, but they found among the priest’s possessions his strongbox. The box had a hidden compartment containing letters which implicated Rasle as an agent of Canada. The documents promised the Indians enough ammunition to drive the English from their settlements.¹³

Governor Shute went back to England in January 1723. Therefore the whole mess was left in the hands of Lieutenant Governor Dummer and the conflict became known as Dummer’s War. (Also known as Father Rasle’s War or Lovewell’s War)

Dummer’s War

1723-24  Grey Lock, an Indian chief and Catholic convert from north-east Maine, led Indian raids into Northfield and Rutland in August killing four. In October, he attacked Northfield again.  He led raids into Deerfield and Northfield in June 1724 and later conducted many more raids. He consistently escaped his pursuers, and acquired the name Wawanolet, meaning “he who fools the others, or puts someone off the track.”¹⁷

23 Aug 1724 The British used whale boats to go up the river to make a surprise attack on Norridgewock. They killed twenty-six combatants including Father Rasle who was firing at soldiers from a cabin. Refusing to surrender, he was shot while reloading.¹⁶

4 September 1724 In Dunstable, when two men did not return from work, ten militia men led by Sergeant Ebeneezer French started a search for them. They examined the location where the men had been laboring. Since some spilled turpentine was still spreading in the soil, they concluded that the men had very recently been carried off by Indians. They decided to begin an immediate pursuit.⁷

Sergeant French and Joshua Farwell disagreed on the course of action. French imputed Farwell’s advice to cowardice, and called out, “I am going to take the direct path; if any of you are not afraid, let him follow me.” The whole party followed. Farwell fell in at the rear.

As they marched up the Merrimack they were waylaid at a place now known as Thornton’s Ferry. The Indians fired upon them and most were killed instantly. A few fled but were overtaken and destroyed. Farwell discharged his rifle from behind a tree and ran. Two Indians pursued him in a vigorous chase until they lost sight of him. Farwell was the only one of the company that escaped.⁷

Captain John Lovewell led three expeditions

17 November 1724 A petition was granted to raise a company to go out in the woods for several months to destroy the enemy. The Indians were led by Paugus, a belligerent chief of an Abenaki tribe located at Pequawket, most often spelled Pigwacket by the contemporary English.  John Lovewell was commissioned as Captain of the expeditions to the North.⁴

Winter 1724-25 Lovewell’s first two expeditions were successful.  A 100 pound bounty per Indian scalp was an incentive given to recruit volunteers. Eighty-seven men participated in his second expedition. About a dozen Indians warriors were killed. They had a supply of extra blankets and snow shoes, evidence that their plan was to return English captives to Canada where they could be sold. Therefore, as a result of the expedition, a planned raid on English settlements had been prevented. Lovewell was an instant hero.¹⁸

16 April 1725 John Chamberlain was among the 47 men of Captain John Lovewell’s third expedition. This mission was to engage the Indians at their headquarters at Pigwacket. Forty-seven was a frightfully small group to attempt such an attack. The difficulties of the first two missions and the perceived unlikely possibility of success in the next was a possible reason that only three of the previous participants returned for more.¹⁸

Lovewell’s effective fighting force reduced to 34 men

The company started at Dunstable, went up Merrimack river then across country passed Squam Lake and then to Ossipee Lake.  Along the journey, three men including the Indian guide Toby became ill and returned to Dunstable.  At Ossipee Lake they build a small fort where they stored some provisions, and left a doctor and a sick man and seven rangers under the command of Sargent Nathaniel Woods.  This reduced the effective fighting force to thirty-four men, which continued on toward Pigwacket to meet the enemy.⁸

6 May 1725 As they neared their destination noises in the dark woods and the reality of their vulnerability created a pervasive level of fear and anxiety. They had a distinct feeling that they were being followed.¹⁸

8 May 1725 In the early morning while prayers were led by Chaplain Joseph Frye, they heard a gun shot and soon saw an Indian hunter on a point of the lake shore. They suspected that he was a decoy to lure them into ambush. A council was held and decision made to proceed as all cost. They said: “We came here to meet the enemy; we have all prayed GOD we might find ’em; and we had rather trust Providence with our lives, yea die for our country than try to return without seeing them, if we might be called cowards for our pains.”^9,18

The Ambush of Lovewell

Lovewell ordered his men to move forward cautiously. After traveling about a mile they neared the spot where they expected to find their target. They halted and left their packs in a pile together and moved forward with as much stealth as possible. They soon came upon the Indian and the silent morning exploded in gun fire. Captain Lovewell and another ranger were wounded and the Indian lay dead. They then turned back with their wounded leader to the area where they had left their packs.⁹  Paugus was waiting.

Paugus and about eighty warriors were returning from a raiding party on English settlements down the Seco River in Maine when they came upon the pile of packs. Counting the packs they knew they had superior numbers and set up a trap.¹⁰

When the English returned they were attacked from their front and their rear immediately killing Captain Lovewell along with eight of his men. The two other officers were wounded and Ensign Wyman took command. With only trees for cover, Wyman gave the order to retreat toward Seco Pond where a wide brook on one side and the lake to their back gave them some protection.

Wyman takes command, but the situation seems hopeless

The rangers were without their packs, and ammunition was not plentiful. It became a waiting game for much of the day. The battle continued with great obstinacy throughout the day with the taunts and war cries of the Indians, and spirited replies from the rangers. Shots were fired occasionally when a person became exposed.⁹

Their position by the lake which gave them cover also prevented any means for escape. They were trapped, low on food and ammunition. In this dire situation the Indians showed them a rope which was an offer to be taken captive rather than die. The English preferred to fight to the end.¹⁸

Duel at the lake

John Chamberlain went to the edge of the pond to clean his musket that had become fouled with use. He there spotted the famed Chief Paugus a short distance away. Paugus was there for the same purpose.⁹ The chief was well known to many of the colonial soldiers. He and John Chamberlain engaged in mutual recriminations and insults.⁸

This is the story about the encounter as it was told in the Spencer Chamberlain family tradition:

Chamberlain shouted “Now Paugus, I’ll have you.” No! Paugus replied, “Me get you.”¹² Both men had unloaded weapons. Paugus had nearly finished loading his gun and was priming it with a powder horn, when Chamberlain struck the breach of his gun on the ground causing it to prime itself resulting in a one second advantage.⁹ Chamberlain got off the first shot with no time to spare. Paugus with his last spark of life fired his gun and shaved the hair from the top of Chamberlain’s head.¹²

After this turn of events the Indians withdrew and two of the rangers went out to find them. Ensign Wyman and Private Chamberlain came upon them gathered in a counsel. Apparent to the two English men, they were there to chose a new leader to replace the fallen Paugus. They were gathered in a circle with one in the center who was supposed by Wyman and Chamberlain to be the new leader. Wyman fired and killed the apparent new chief.⁴ Both men then ran like the wind back to the pond and the rest of the men.

As the sun went down, the forest became dark and silent. Gradually, the company of weary soldiers began to realize they were alone. The Indians were gone! The fight was over and Lovewell’s battered company prepared to make their long journey home.

Two chiefs

The above report given by Groton historian Caleb Butler seems to be verified and clarified by an Abenaki witness.  Apparently, there were two chiefs at the fight. Powack, a chief of the Penobscots, who wanted to make peace with the English. And Paugus, who was not their local chief. He had come to their village to get recruits to make his raids on the English settlements. For many of the local Indians, Paugus was the only reason they were in the fight. When both chiefs were killed, many or all of the remaining Indians left and went back to their village.¹⁰

“Long after moon is up, braves come to village only few. Say Paugus is killed, Powak is killed.”¹⁰

Return to the fort

Solomon Keys had lost a lot of blood and asked Ensign Wyman permission to crawl into the woods to die that he might avoid being found by the Indians. Lt. Johnathan Rogers was injured and could not move. He asked someone to load his rifle “As the Indians will come in the morning to scalp me, I will kill one more of them if I can.” Lieutenant Josiah Farwell, the Chaplain Joseph Frye, Josiah Jones and Eleazer Davis were seriously wounded and couldn’t keep up. They stayed behind with the hope they would be rescued by those who had been left at the fort at Lake Ossipee.

The remaining eleven men, wounded, hungry and low on provisions, began their retreat toward the base at Ossipee lake twenty-five miles away.  When the party reached the fort they were surprised to find it abandoned. Soloman Keyes, who had crawled into the woods to die, met them there. He had found a canoe by which he floated down the river most of the way to fort.

Fortunately there was some bread and pork left behind in the fort and the men were able to replenish their strength. They also found a message written on a piece of bark which read: “Lovewell’s company has been destroyed.”⁸

To be continued..… 

Chapter 7– The Legend of “Paugus” John Chamberlain

The families waiting for their loved ones in Dunstable experienced shock and grief as small groups of men returned one at a time.

Internet historians have raised doubts that John Chamberlain actually had a duel with the Indian Chief Paugus. The Chamberlain Story presents solid evidence that John Chamberlain was the one who shot the Chief.

Also, Fanny Hardy Eckstorm wrote that the Rev. Thomas Symmes purposely falsified the date of the battle. The Chamberlain Story challenges her argument and Chapter 7 will show the true date of the battle.

For more Chamberlain history stories see “Table of Contents”, or please click “Good Bye!”

© Copyright Dennis D. Chamberlain, The Chamberlain Story, 2016. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of the written content of this site without express and written permission from the author and owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that credit is given to Dennis D. Chamberlain and direction to  www.thechamberlainstory.com.

References:

1. “History of the United States of America” by Henry William Elson, The MacMillan Company, New York, 1904. Chapter VIII p. 162-165. Transcribed by Kathy Leigh.
2. George W. Chamberlain, One Branch of the Descendants of Thomas Chamberlain of Woburn, Worccester Mass, 1897
3. Prentiss Glazier, Chamberlain Families of Early New England, p. 152.
4. George W. Chamberlain, B. S., John Chamberlain, the Indian Fighter at Pigwacket, Reprint from Quarterly of the Maine Historical Society, Jan., 1898.
5. Chamberlain Family-The First Six Generations, http://www.babcockancestry.com/
6. Queen Ann’s War 1702-1713, http://rjohara.net/gen/wars/anne
7. The story of Thornton’s Ferry from The New Hampshire Gazetteer, http://www.bigorrin.org/
8. Father Rasle’s War 1724-26, http://www.bigorrin.org/archive3.htm
9. Samuel A. Green, M. D., Groton During the Indian Wars, Groton Mass., 1883
10. An Abenaki Account of the Battle, https://en.wikipedia.org
11. The Battle of Pequawket, https://en.wikipedia.org
12. Alonzo Chamberlain Phillips, Spencer Chamberlain’s Ancestors,  unpublished
13. Drummers War en.wikipedia.org
14. Samuel Shute, Governor of Providences of Massachusetts Bay and New Hamphire. https://www.geni.com
15. Wabanake Confederation, https://en.wikipedia.org
16.  Battle of Norridgewock (1724), https://en.wikipedia.org
17. Grey Lock’s War, https://en.wikipedia.org
18. Pat Higgens, Lovewell’s Fight, http://www.mainestory.info/maine-stories